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The Jewish collaboration authority was supported by a Jewish Ghetto Police. He became aware of his own tragic duplicity in July 1942 and committed suicide.Īlthough his personality has remained less infamous than Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, the "Ältester" of the Lodz Ghetto, Adam Czerniaków's collaboration with the Nazi policy is the paradigm of the attitude of the majority of the European Jews vis à vis Nazism. Adam Czerniaków confided his harrowing experience in several diaries. In Warsaw this role was attributed to Adam Czerniaków, who chose a policy of collaboration with the Nazis rather than revolt. Like all the ghettos in Poland, the Germans ascribed the administration to a Judenrat (a council of the Jews), led by an " Ältester" (the eldest). He was succeeded in May 1941 by Heinz Auerswald.

The first commissioner of the Warsaw ghetto was his chief organizer SA-Standartenführer Waldemar Schön. In January 1942, the gate was closed and a wooden footbridge was built in its place, which after the war became one of the symbols of the Holocaust. Those two parts were connected by Żelazna Street, and a special gate was built at its intersection with Chłodna Street. The area south of Chłodna was known as the “Small Ghetto”, while the area north of this street was the “Large Ghetto”. The ghetto was divided by Chłodna Street, which due to its importance (as one of Warsaw's major east-west arteries) was excluded from it. The borders of the ghetto changed many times during the next years.

The wall was typically 3 m (9.8 ft) high and topped with barbed wire. The Germans closed the Warsaw Ghetto to the outside world on November 16, 1940. At this time, the population in the Ghetto was estimated to be 400,000 people, about 30% of the population of Warsaw however, the area of the Ghetto was only about 2.4% of that of Warsaw. Frank ordered all Jews in Warsaw and its suburbs rounded up and herded into the Ghetto. The Warsaw Ghetto was established by the German Governor-General Hans Frank on Octoin an area of Warsaw primarily occupied by Polish Jews. The construction of the ghetto wall started on April 1, 1940. 4 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and destruction of the Ghetto.